The following code will allow you to create your own random pages while utilizing the full features of your WordPress installation. All you'll have to do is copy the following code into a blank file with a PHP extension. You'll have to be careful to ensure you correctly reference the wp-load.php
WP file.
This code will display the WP header, footer and the text, "This is content outside of WordPress". If you wanted to include basic HTML in your page without the PHP entanglements, you could use:
This is content outside of WordPress
If you choose to use shortcodes in your non-WordPress page, you'll have to use the following (remembering you're outside the loop).
You can add widgets and other features... and use any other components of WP as required. However, in most cases, the feature isn't much different to a blank WP page.